History of Indonesia
The first known hominid population of Indonesia is often called Java Man " Homo erectus ". lived about 60, 000 years ago, the ancestors of today originated from Sumatra Papua moving eastward through the islands, momenually reaching New Guinea and Australia some 30-40000 years ago. Much later, in the fourth millennium BC, they were followed by the ancestors of the moderen Malay, Indonesian penduduki this time most of the Javanese and Malay grups - indopolis.
culture in Indonesia many influenced from mainland southeast asia and china and india contract with the trade contract. one of the first Indianized kingdom dalah who are familiar with the kingdom of Srivijaya, strategically located on the coast of Sumatra and the Malacca strait, functioning as a center of trade networks that can reach to different parts of nudantara more than a thousand years ago.
On the neighboring island of Java, in the great island kingdom was established decades with various religions, such as Borobudur, the largest Buddhist monument in the world. The last and most powerful of these early Hindu kingdom - Java, around the 14th century Majapahit Kingdom. small kingdoms in it controlled and controlled Sriwijaya empire which we now known as Indonesia, maintaining contacts with trading outposts as far as the west coast of Papua New Guinea.
Indian Muslim traders began to spread Islam in Indonesia in the eighth and ninth centuries. At the time of Marco Polo visited North Sumatra in the late 13th century. Authorities in the northern coast of Java adopt new beliefs and conquer the Hindu kingdom of Majapahit in the interior of Java -based. confidence gradually spread throughout the archipelago, and Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world.
Portuguese traders first brought spices are abundant in Indonesia through a key trading port in Malacca in 1511. They taste very valuable, spices such as cloves, nutmeg and mace are also believed to cure everything from venereal disease outbreaks, and literally merekalayak compared with gold. Dutch finally seized control of the spice trade from the Portuguese, the Dutch East India Company (known by the initials VOC) established a spice monopoly lasted until the 18th century. During the 19th century, the Dutch began to undertake the cultivation of coffee and sugar on the island of Java, which provides three- quarters of the world's supply of coffee.
At the turn of the 20th century, nationalist agitation, carried by almost three centuries of oppressive colonial rule, began to challenge the Dutch presence in Indonesia. A four -year guerrilla war led by nationalists against the Dutch in Java after World War II, along with a successful diplomatic maneuvers abroad, helped bring about independence. Republic of Indonesia, was officially declared on the date August 17, 1945, gained sovereignty four years later.
During the first two decades of independence, the republic of Indonesia is dominated by the charismatic Sukarno, one of the early nationalists who had been imprisoned by the Dutch. General (ret.) Suharto eased Sukarno from power in 1967. Indonesian economy is sustained throughout the 1970s, almost exclusively by oil exports.
The Asian financial crisis that erupted in mid-1997 crippled the economy of Indonesia rupiah lost 80 prosen of its value against the U. S. dollar at the height of the turmoil.
On May 21, 1998, Suharto stepped down after 32 years in power and was replaced by BJ Habibie, who once served as vice president under Suharto, after bloody violence and unrest throughout Indonesia that we are familiar with the tragedy of the 1998 riots semaggi.
Indonesia 's first democratic elections held in October 1999, which puts " Gus Dur " Wahid in the role of president.